Usetyenziso olungundoqo lweeNucleosides eziGuquliweyo

Intshayelelo

I-Nucleosides, iibhloko zokwakha ze-nucleic acids (i-DNA kunye ne-RNA), zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kuzo zonke izinto eziphilayo. Ngokuguqula ezi molekyuli, izazinzulu zivule uluhlu oluninzi lwezicelo ezinokubakho kuphando nakunyango. Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga ezinye zezicelo eziphambili zeiinucleosides ezilungisiweyo.

Indima yeeNucleosides eziGuquliweyo

I-nucleosides elungisiweyo yenziwa ngokuguqula isakhiwo se-nucleosides yendalo, njenge-adenosine, i-guanosine, i-cytidine, kunye ne-uridine. Olu tshintsho lunokubandakanya utshintsho kwisiseko, iswekile, okanye zombini. Ulwakhiwo olutshintshiweyo lunokunika iipropati ezintsha kwi-nucleoside elungisiweyo, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.

Usetyenziso oluphambili

Ukufunyanwa kweziyobisi:

Ii-Anticancer agents: I-nucleosides eguquliweyo isetyenziselwe ukuphuhlisa uluhlu lwamachiza okulwa nomhlaza. Ngokomzekelo, zinokuthi ziyilelwe ukuthintela i-DNA synthesis okanye ukujolisa kwiiseli ezithile zomhlaza.

Ii-Antiviral agents: Ii-nucleosides ezilungisiweyo zisetyenziselwa ukudala amachiza okulwa neentsholongwane ezinokuthintela ukuphindaphinda kwentsholongwane. Owona mzekelo udumileyo kukusetyenziswa kwee-nucleosides ezilungisiweyo kwizitofu zokugonya ze-COVID-19 mRNA.

Ii-antibacterial agents: Ii-nucleosides ezilungisiweyo nazo ziye zabonisa isithembiso ekuphuhliseni amayeza amatsha okubulala iintsholongwane.

Ubunjineli bemfuzo:

Izitofu zokugonya ze-mRNA: Ii-nucleosides ezilungisiweyo zizinto ezibalulekileyo zogonyo lwe-mRNA, njengoko zinokuphucula uzinzo kunye nokungakhuseleki kwe-mRNA.

I-oligonucleotides ye-Antisense: Ezi molekyuli, ezenzelwe ukubophelela kulandelelwano oluthile lwe-mRNA, zinokuguqulwa ukuze ziphucule ukuzinza kwazo kunye neenkcukacha.

Unyango lweGene: I-nucleosides elungisiweyo ingasetyenziselwa ukudala i-oligonucleotides eguqulelwe kwizicelo zonyango lwemfuza, njengokulungisa iziphene zofuzo.

Izixhobo zoPhando:

I-Nucleic acid probes: Ii-nucleosides ezilungisiweyo zinokudityaniswa kwi-probes ezisetyenziswa kubuchule obufana ne-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) kunye nohlalutyo lwe-microarray.

I-Aptamers: Ezi zi-nucleic acids ezinomtya omnye zinokuguqulwa ukuba zibophe kwiithagethi ezithile, ezifana neeprotheni okanye iimolekyuli ezincinci, kwaye zinezicelo kwi-diagnostics kunye neyeza zonyango.

Iinzuzo zeeNucleosides eziGuquliweyo

Ukuphuculwa kozinzo: I-nucleosides elungisiweyo inokunyusa ukuzinza kwe-nucleic acids, ibenze baxhathise ngakumbi ukuthotywa kwe-enzymes.

Ukuchaneka okwandisiweyo: Ukuguqulwa kunokuphucula ukucwangciswa kwentsebenziswano ye-nucleic acid, eyenza ukujoliswa ngokuchanekileyo kweeamolekyuli ezithile zebhayoloji.

Ukunyanzeliswa kweselula okuphuculweyo: I-nucleosides eguqulwayo inokuthi yenzelwe ukuphucula ukunyanzeliswa kweselula, ukwandisa ukusebenza kwabo kwizicelo zonyango.

Ukuqukumbela

Iinucleosides ezilungisiweyo ziye zaguqula iinkalo ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka ekufumaneni amachiza ukuya kubunjineli bemfuza. Ukuguquguquka kwabo kunye nokukwazi kwabo ukulungelelaniswa kwizicelo ezithile kubenza babe zizixhobo ezixabisekileyo kubaphandi kunye noogqirha. Njengoko ukuqonda kwethu kwe-nucleic acid chemistry kuqhubeka ukukhula, sinokulindela ukubona usetyenziso olungakumbi lwe-nucleosides elungisiweyo kwixesha elizayo.