Kwindawo yophando lwezenzululwazi, i-nycukides eguqulweyo ivele njengezixhobo ezinamandla ezibonelela ngesibonelelo sezibonelelo ezininzi. Ezi nyukooides eziguqulweyo zeNyukliya eziguquliweyo zibalulekile kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-molecular, i-biochemistry, kunye nophando lonyango. Ngokuqonda izibonelelo zokusebenzisa i-nycukides eguqulweyo, abaphandi banokuphucula izifundo zabo kwaye bafezekise iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezinokuthenjwa.
Uzinzo oluphuculweyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle
Esona sibonelelo siphambili seNyukliya eguqulweyo sisimo sokuzinza kwabo. I-nucyeostide yemveli inokuthathwa kukonakaliswa, nto leyo inokulalanisa ingqibelelo yeziphumo zovavanyo. I-Nucleossides eguqulweyo, nangona kunjalo, yenzelwe ukuba uzinze ngakumbi, uqinisekisa ukuba bahlala besebenza kulo lonke ixesha lovavanyo. Oku kuzinza kubalulekile kwizicelo ezinje nge-RNA yokulandelelana kunye ne-DNA Synthesis, apho idatha engaguqukiyo nengaphantsi kwayo yinto enkulu.
Ukufunyanwa okuphuculweyo kunye nohlalutyo
I-nucleostides eguqulweyo ikwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukufunyanwa kunye nohlalutyo lwee-acid zenyukliya. Banokufakwa kwi-prees kunye nama-primes, ukuphucula ubuntununtunu kunye nokuzithoba kwezikhuselo ezahlukeneyo. Umzekelo, kwi-Polymerase Chain impendulo (i-PCR), i-NCRR), i-Nucloostides eguqulweyo inokunceda ekulandeleni okuchanekileyo kokulandelelana kwethagethi, okukhokelela kwiziphumo ezichanekileyo kunye nokubuyiswa kweziphumo. Oku kuyingenelo ikakhulu kwizicelo zokuchonga, apho kuchongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwezinto zemvelo kubalulekile.
Ukonyuka kokubopha izinto
Elinye i-nucleostides yenyukliya eguqulweyo kukukwazi kwabo ukwandisa ubumbeko obubotshelelayo kwii-acid zenyukliya. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kuphuhliso lweearhente zonyango kunye neemolekyuli zemolekyuli. Ngokubandakanya i-nucukides eguqulweyo, abaphandi banokuyila iimolekyuli ezibophelela ngakumbi kwiithagethi zabo, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kweendlela zonyango kunye nezixhobo zokuxilonga. Oku kwanda kokubonda okubandayo kunokukhokelela kunyango olululo kunye nokuphuculwa kwezigulana.
Ukusetyenziswa kwezicelo
Ukutshintsha kwezinto eziguqulweyo zenyukliya kudlulela kuluhlu olubanzi lwezicelo. Zisetyenziselwa ukuphuculwa kwamachiza a-andvigraral, apho banokukuthintela ukuphindaphinda kwe-chineralgemomes. Ukongeza, i-nucukides ye-nucleostides iqashiwe kwizifundo ze-Epigenetiic ukuphonononga ukulungiswa kwi-DNA kunye neRNA Elawula intetho yesifo. Okuhlulayo kubenza babe zizixhobo zentlungu kwizicelo zombini zophando kunye nezicelo zeklinikhi.
Ukuphucula ukusebenzisana kophando kunye nokusebenzisana
Ukubonelela ngomxholo oxabisekileyo malunga nezibonelelo zokufumana i-nucleostides eguqulweyo kunokukhuthaza ukusebenzisana okukhulu kunye nokusebenzisana kuluntu lwezenzululwazi. Ngokwabelana ngokuqonda kunye nenkqubela phambili, abaphandi banokufunda omnye komnye kwaye bakhe ulwazi olukhoyo. Iingxoxo ezikhuthazayo kunye nengxelo ngezithuba zebhlog, iiforamu, kunye nemithombo yeendaba zentlalo zinokwenza imeko eguqukayo nexhasayo. Oku akuphuculi kuphela umgangatho wophando kodwa kukomeleza imiyalelo kuluntu lwezenzululwazi.
Ukuqukumbela
I-Nucleostides eguqulweyo ibonelela ngeentlobo zezibonelelo ezifundisa kakhulu uphando olubanzi lwesayensi. Ukusuka kwizinto eziphuculweyo kunye nokufunyanwa kokunyusa ububele kunye nokungahambi kakuhle, ezi molekyuli zibalulekile kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo. Ngokuqonda nokusebenzisa izibonelelo zokuguqula i-nucleosides, abaphandi banokufumana iziphumo ezichanekileyo nezinempembelelo. Ukwabelana nolu lwakhiwo kunye nokukhuthaza intsebenzo kunokuqhubela phambili phambili intsimi, kukhokelela kwiziphumo ezinokufunyanwa kunye neziphumo eziphuculweyo kuphando lwezenzululwazi.
IXESHA LOKUQALA: UNv-14 ukuya ku-2004